Five things not to say to a cancer patient

Obviously, you mean well. Everybody knows that. However, there are a few things that cancer patients are sick of hearing.

How are you feeling?

Whether you are legitimately curious or just feel like it’s the appropriate thing to ask, hold up for a minute. This person is sick. Chances are, they are not, haven’t been and won’t be feeling their best for a while.

Try instead: “How are you feeling after the Packers DESTROYED the Bears last night? Boom!”

When is the last time you heard from…?

It does not matter whose name you put at the end of that question. If your loved one hasn’t heard from them in a while, the last thing they want is a reminder of that. Fairweather friends are the worst. Don’t make it harder by rubbing your loved one’s face in it.

Try instead: “Dude, do you remember that time we hid in the girls’ locker room and got busted? Good times, man.”

Have you thought about trying [insert next big thing in medicine/meditation/religion here]?

You can be sure that your loved one has heard it all. Vapors, vespers, vaccinations—the lot of it. Besides the recommendations of their doctor, family and strangers under the mistaken impression that their opinion matters, a cancer patient has probably done some research of their own here and there. Even if they haven’t heard of your method yet, there is not a large chance that they want to discuss it during the current interaction.

Try instead: “I care about you and want to help however I can.”

I’m sure you’ll do better than [insert cancer patient that didn’t make it].

This might be true, and it is almost definitely well-meaning. However, this falls along the same lines as a backhanded compliment—and one with no basis, at that. Are you the doctor of both patients? No? How could you be so sure?

In phrases like these, there’s some positivity expressed, but it is almost entirely negated by the depression that ends the sentence. This kind of so-called empathy does two things: shreds hope and makes it about someone else.

As hope and individuality are two of the best things you can give to a cancer patient, keep the lost causes to yourself.

Try instead: “You rock the bald look better than Britney ever could.”

Be present in some way. How would you like to be subject to the phantom-friend scenario?

“Are they really there for me?” your loved one might ask.

Of course you are! Say so! Respect, active listening and love means you can’t nix communication completely, even though talking with a cancer patient can leave you feeling lost in the woods at times. While you may never be able to successfully put yourself in their shoes, doing your best to understand how cancer patients are feeling will go a long way in navigating the conversations you have with them.

Everyday poisons: what you don’t know used to kill you

We’ll do anything for health and beauty. From the ancient Egyptian queens to twentieth century doctors, there’s been a myriad of “treatments” used to beautify, invigorate and heal that aren’t all they’re cracked up to be. Here’s a list of seven outdated, ineffective or dangerous snake oil products you may have heard about.

Arsenic

Arsenic was often used in cosmetics and even tonics to “improve” the complexion by giving users a white, nearly-transparent pallor considered beautiful. Often mixed with mercury and lead, as well, these cosmetics caused poisoning and, in various cases, death.

Belladonna

Used in the Middle Ages as an anesthetic and more recently (1800s) in eye drops to seductively dilate women’s eyes, this plant is also used as a poison, resulting in unpleasant hallucinations, central nervous system damage leading to memory loss and confusion and even death via overdose.

Chloroform

Chloroform was widely used as an anesthetic in medicine as it depresses the central nervous system, knocking out patients. However, with varying and unpredictable dosages, the compound can lead to death by depressing vital organs or resulting in cardiac arrhythmia. Also labeled as carcinogenic, chloroform was banned from consumer products in the U.S. in 1976.

Methamphetamine

First synthesized from ephedrine in 1919, Methamphetamine was distributed to all German armed forces in World War II for its usefulness as a stimulant. Easily available, it was used for these wakeful properties by college students, truck drivers and even athletes, and, in the 1950s it was marketed as controlling obesity, inducing weight loss and fighting depression. As the risks of abusing meth were discovered, it finally became illegal for most uses in 1970.

Opium

Opium tincture was the exalted cure-all for centuries. From inspiring the Lotus Eaters in epic history to selling as laudanum in 1500s Europe, opium has been used as a recreational drug and painkiller for thousands of years. Heroin, derived from opium, was marketed as a cough suppressant. Morphine, another opioid, is widely used as an analgesic to relieve pain.

Radium and radon

In the 1800s and early 1900s, radioactive elements were used in a variety of products such as Radithor, a radium water drink. Exposure to radiation kills cells (which is why it’s used in cancer treatments—to kill cancer cells) and leads to the deterioration of tissues. Girls working in watch factories would use their mouths to shape the brushes when painting glow-in-the-dark numbers onto watch faces, ingesting harmful amounts of radioactive material that eventually destroyed their bodies from the inside out.

Shark cartilage

It used to be thought—and still is in some alternative medicine circles—that shark cartilage can treat cancer, as sharks never get cancer. First of all, the latter assumption is false. There have been plenty of documented cases of tumors in sharks. Secondly, it doesn’t work—shark cartilage has no effect on cancer growth.

Where to turn?: A North Star on your financial voyage

Puzzle pieces

Navigating the waters of your finances can be choppy after a diagnosis. Use this guide as a small breeze in your sails on your way to monetary stability. After identifying what kind of insurance you carry and what the terms of your policies are, you’ll be ship-shape to sail the financial seas.

This is not designed as a complete list of your options nor as a replacement for a financial adviser. Think of it more like a compass that will allow you to ask the right questions and look in the right places while making the most of your resources.

Disability and government aid:

Disability insurance will usually replace 60 to 70 percent of your income when offered by your employer. Once you and your doctor decide whether or not you should be working, find out the definition of disability in your employer’s short- and long-term disability policies.

Social Security Disability Income (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) are programs you may qualify for, as well, if you’ve been working for many years (contributing to your Social Security) or if your family is in need of extra assistance due to low income and limited assets. You’ll have to contact your local Social Security Administration government office to explore all your options.

Medicare is a government-funded insurance program. If you qualify, up to 80 percent of outpatient costs are covered with Medicare Part B, though not all medical institutions are valid under Medicare. Privately-underwritten insurance programs designed to supplement Medicare are called Medigap plans and can help cover the remaining 20 percent.

On the private health insurance front:

Cancer insurance will have you covered, but only for cancer-related costs and often with limiting factors like in-patient-only procedures.

Major medical insurance will cover large percentages of the costs associated with accidents or illnesses like cancer once the deductible is met. The premiums are higher, but the coverage is extensive.

Critical illness insurance pays out a lump sum upon diagnosis, which makes it a convenient and prompt way to pay for medical and nonmedical bills as you choose. This is a supplemental insurance, so be sure to see how it fits in to your existing coverage and premiums.

Life insurance, the elephant in the room:

It may also benefit your family to look into your existing life insurance policy or those available to you. Some allow you to take advantage of benefits while living that can majorly help your financial situation. While discussing or shopping for a life insurance policy is not the most comfortable thing in the world, it can ultimately give you and your family more peace of mind.

Additional programs and resources:

Be sure to look into grants and loans offered specifically for cancer patients struggling to stay financially solvent, such as these organizations:

The Cancer Financial Assistance Coalition

The HealthWell Foundation

Leukemia & Lymphoma Society 

CancerCare

Say what? An abbreviated guide to translating a diagnosis

“You. Quadruped. Sprechen sie English?”

Admit it: you secretly foster the suspicion that doctors don’t want to be understood. Between their unintelligible scribbles for signatures and their big, fancy words, it’s easy to see where you might think that. Doctors use the language they do in order to communicate accurately the results of your appointment, but accurate is not always easy to understand.

just-smile-and-wave gif

For those times you resign yourself to nodding and pretending to understand (oh, come on—we’ve all done it) or when a doctor forgets to expand their accurate statement into an understandable one, here’s a brief list of terms or phrases translated from their native Doctor tongue to English.

Alopecia: hair loss

Anemia: low level of red blood cells

Antiemetic: intended to control nausea or vomiting

Apoptosis: cell death

Biopsy: removal of a small piece of body tissue for examination

Brachytherapy: internal radiation treatment where radioactive material is placed on the tumor or close to it

Carcinogen: cancer-causing substance

Carcinomas: solid tumors that develop on almost any organ; most common

Leukemias: blood cancers; generally don’t form solid tumors

Leukocytes: white blood cells (WBC); responsible for repairing damaged cells and eating foreign ones

Lymphatic system: body system responsible for cleansing the body; includes lymph nodes and spleen

Lymphomas: blood cancers that develop in the lymphatic system

Metastasis: the spreading of cancer from the primary site to other organs or tissues

Myelomas: cancers that begin in bone marrow cells

Primary: where the cancer originally develops; in reference to a site or tumor

Progression: the growth of a tumor or spreading of cancer in the body

Prophylaxis: preventative measures

Regression: when cancer reappears

Remission: when cancer is no longer detected

Sarcomas: tumors beginning in connective tissue like muscles, fats, cartilage and bone

Systemic: relating to the whole body

Penguins high five

Even with some preliminary vocabulary under your belt, be sure to pay attention to the real experts: your doctors and their team. When something goes over your head, don’t be afraid to stop them and ask for clarification. It is your appointment, after all, and the information is for your benefit.

Five involuntary thoughts that cross a caregiver’s mind

When cancer strikes, it affects more than just the patient. Those surrounding him or her have their own set of obstacles to overcome, and sometimes the highest hurdles come from a caregiver’s own head. Here is a compilation of five thoughts a caregiver may have and how to handle them.

 

We can’t afford this.

Money problems can cause mountains of stress for anyone fighting a battle against illness. As the bills pile up, it can be difficult to keep your head above water. At times, you may even find yourself questioning whether it’s worth it to write another check for treatments that may or may not be working—that is, before you rapidly shake the stray thought from your head.

If they don’t get better, it’s my fault.

When you invest all of your time, energy and resources into your loved one’s care, it’s easy to acquire a god complex. You may begin to believe that every change in their health is a direct reflection of your efforts.

You may celebrate yourself when their condition improves or demoralize yourself when it worsens, burdening yourself with all the credit—and consequently, all the fault—at each step. This inevitably leads to a black hole of way too much pressure that you could do without.

Nobody cares about me anymore.

When you’re the caregiver for someone with cancer or other illness, fewer people are likely to ask “How are you?” in favor of “How are they?” Understandably, the person you are caring for becomes the hub of conversations and interactions.

It’s not that you don’t appreciate everyone’s concern, but there may be times you’d like to scream, “Hey! I’m here, too. I struggle, too. I matter, too!”

I don’t want to be the strong one all the time.

Caregiving is 24/7 work, and it isn’t always easy. You’re exhausted, frustrated and scared, but you don’t get days off at this job.

Many times throughout your loved one’s battle, you may feel this close to throwing in the towel—at least for a few hours—and breaking down. You’ll want to bury your face in a pillow or cry on someone’s shoulder and have someone tell you everything’s okay. It isn’t fair that your needs always have to come second to those of your loved one, and you can do nothing but suck it up. After all, they have cancer.

I shouldn’t be thinking these things.

As the caregiver, you are convinced that thinking these things makes you a terrible person. How could you possibly complain about anything when your loved one is battling something much more serious?  Over time, the guilt builds up and exacerbates your existing anxieties, leading to a world of hurt.

 

 

 

Listen up.

You are normal. These are rational, common thoughts that naturally crop up under the stress of caring for someone with a long-term illness. Here are a few tips to help you come to terms with these thoughts:

Remember that money is one of the top sources of stress even on a good day—worrying over finances is a pragmatic and expected part of fighting illness. There are a variety of counseling and advising services available to you to aid in your personal battle against money-related stress.

Keep in mind that while the care you provide your loved one can influence their illness trajectory, you are not in control of their cancer. A wide variety of factors affect their condition, and your care is only one of those factors. Give up the reins on this one. You’ll feel better for it.

It is highly important to take care of yourself during this time. Make it a priority to find a support group and/or a trusted confidant with whom you can express your feelings. Despite what it may feel like, you are not alone in thinking these things. Talking it out in a nonjudgmental exchange may be exactly what you need to get back on the horse and resume feeling like the superhero you are.

Do things for yourself. You are still your own person even as you’re caring for someone else. As much as possible, continue doing the things you love. Get enough rest, eat well and spend quality time with other people in your life.

Ask, ask, ask for help! It is neither weak nor shameful to reach out to those around you. When people ask you, “How are they?” give them an update—and then tell them how they can be of service! Not only will this relieve some of the weight from your shoulders, it gives others an opportunity to contribute to the wellbeing of someone they care about in a more tangible way than putting you through the Spanish Inquisition every time you run into each other.

Being honest with yourself about these feelings does not mean you care for your loved one any less—it means you have found the strength to take care of yourself while still giving your time, energy and love to him or her.

 

Note: If you are not a caregiver but know someone helping a loved one battle cancer or other long-term illness, remember that caregivers are people, too.

So I have cancer. Now what?

Your first oncology appointment might seem daunting, but there’s nothing to fear with a little preparation. Use this how-to guide to go from rookie to rock star at your big debut.

What to bring

V. I. P. Pass. Bring some form of identification to prove you are, in fact, you.

Autobiography. Be prepared to provide us with your medical history, from past surgeries to current medications. Keep a file of radiology films, pathology slides and other medical documents that will allow us to treat you to the best of our abilities.

$$$. Don’t forget your insurance card and information! You will also need to bring the amount of your copay.

Entourage. You don’t have to hold their hands during the appointment, but bring a couple of close relatives or friends that can have your back during the visit. There’s strength in numbers.

What to ask

  • What type of cancer do I have, and where in my body is it located?
  • What was this caused by? Are my family members at risk?
  • How common is this type of cancer?
  • What lifestyle changes do you recommend I make?
  • What kind of symptoms will I have, and how can I avoid or reduce them?
  • What tests and procedures are necessary, and when will I get the results?
  • Can you explain the results to me?
  • What are my treatment options?
  • What are the short- and long-term effects of my cancer and my treatment options?
  • How do I stay healthy during treatment?
  • What support services are available to me?
  • How can I manage the costs of my cancer care?
  • Who should I call with questions or concerns during non-business hours?
  • What kind of follow-up do I need?

What to expect

Quality time. Plan to spend at least an hour on location.

Interviews with the paparazzi. During your visit, you’ll meet with your doctor, nurse and other medical team members who will be taking care of you and fighting your cancer alongside you.

An encore. You may need to undergo multiple tests in order for us to provide an accurate and complete diagnosis to guide your treatment.Be prepared for blood tests, scans and screenings.

A meeting with your agent. This is your chance to meet with your financial counselor in order to discuss your insurance, the affordability of your treatment options and any questions about billing you may have.

WANTED: Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer. Though notorious for its frequency, skin cancers are some of the easiest cancers to treat, if caught. Watch for spots that match this profile:

Age

Marks on the skin that appear after the age of 21 may be indicative of skin cancer.

Color

Any skin growth or mark that is pearly, clear, tan, brown, black or multicolored or changes color is a suspect.

Size and shape

Any skin mark—including moles or birthmarks—that gets bigger or thicker or has an irregular shape could be a sign of skin cancer. Be extra watchful for marks bigger than a pencil eraser.

Texture

Marks that itch, hurt, crust, scab or bleed are bad news. If the texture of existing marks changes or if an open sore does not heal within three weeks, see your doctor.

Be sure to alert your doctor if you witness any of the above characteristics on your body. For the best chances of catching skin cancer signs, fully examine yourself regularly.

  • Start with your face, examining nose, lips, mouth and ears. Then, use a blow-dryer to expose each section of your scalp as you check it in the mirror.
  • Moving down, study your fingernails, palms, hands, wrists and forearms before checking your elbows, upper arms and armpits in the mirror.
  • Then, examine your chest, torso and breasts. Using two mirrors, check out your neck, back, buttocks and the back of your lower limbs.
  • Have a seat to check the front of your legs, feet and toes, and once you’ve checked where the sun don’t shine, congratulations—you’ve given yourself a complete exam!

The epic benefits of storytelling

Evidence is accumulating in favor of a surprising form of therapy—storytelling. Cancer survivor stories are scattered across the Internet, and the more narrative elements the story includes, the more benefits are seen in the storyteller.

Telling your story is a way of taking back control. Enhance this feeling of agency by ditching the “you” in your story. Using the second-person “you” when telling your story is an unconscious distancing mechanism used to put space between you and your cancer. Own your story. Instead of, “You lose your breath the moment you realize how close you are to death,” say, “I lost my breath the moment I realized how close I was to death.” This is the story of your life. Don’t let cancer take that from you, too.

Sharing is caring. Telling the story of your cancer experience provides a social framework for both you and those supporting you. Evidence shows that narrative practice enables people to better understand what others are going through. Sharing your story with those who care about you will give them something they can respond to—and it will prepare you to understand what they are feeling, as well.

Your story is important to your treatment. Your individual experience contains clues to what is going on inside your body that can help with proper diagnoses. Keeping the details of that experience to yourself robs your doctors and caretakers of the chance to treat you to the best of their ability and with the full extent of their knowledge. Telling your story allows small details to surface that might have gone unnoticed otherwise.

Putting your experience into words can be difficult both technically and emotionally, but it gets easier with practice. Don’t be silent—your life is worth sharing, for your benefit and that of those around you.

Five ways to reduce your risk of sun-transmitted disease

As the weather warms up, the sunscreen gets slathered on to prevent sunburns and melanoma—a cancer of the skin resulting from UV damage to skin DNA. However, sunscreen alone can’t seal the safety deal—that’s where you come in. Sunscreen is like a decent wingman—while it can get you part of the way there, some things are in your hands and yours alone. Use these five tips to stay on your A-game this summer.

Embrace your inner vampire

Honestly, when it comes to sun damage prevention, abstinence is the best policy. Staying out of the sun, especially during prime sunshine hours (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.), is the best way to avoid UV damage to your skin.

Seek shade whenever possible, or bring your own. Umbrellas, broad-brimmed hats and high-coverage clothing are examples of bring-along shade that can keep you protected from direct rays.

Use protection

Shade-seeking is a good habit, but chances are you can’t stay in the dark forever. While sunscreens don’t make sun exposure 100 percent risk-free, they can still be your skin’s last defense against sunburns and the skin cancers they lead to.

Behave like a ginger

You probably know one of those people that burn instantly in the sun, or you might be one. These people lather up in sunscreen at every opportunity and do their best to limit their time under the rays.

These sun-sensitive souls know the power of staying out of the sun whenever possible and religiously reapplying sunscreen throughout the day to avoid it wearing off. Paranoia is their friend. Follow their example, and it can be your friend, too.

Pretend you’re naked

Often, sunscreen users forget that a little bottle of lotion does not make them invulnerable to the effects of direct sunlight. They don’t let high noon chase them out of the sun and stay exposed for longer periods of time with false faith in their skincare products.

Even with a solid layer of SPF 90+ sunscreen plastered on your skin, you are still at risk. Most sunscreens filter UVB rays from the sun, which are the rays that cause sunburns. However, UVA radiation can penetrate deeper into your skin and are not blocked by all sunscreens. Don’t be fooled into thinking you aren’t exposed to dangerous radiation.

Melanoma rate by state. Courtesy of National Cancer Institute

Melanoma rate by state. Courtesy of National Cancer Institute

Get the D

Studies comparing Americans in northern versus southern states (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) and indoor versus outdoor workers (Radespiel-Troger 2009) indicate that people with lower levels of vitamin D may be at increased risk of developing melanoma (Godar 2009 ), and it is known that vitamin D helps in fighting other forms of cancer (National Cancer Institute) .

So, while zeroing out sun exposure is a surefire way to avoid UV damage, limited sun exposure isn’t completely detrimental. Being in the sun enough to stock up on vitamin D or asking your doctor about vitamin D supplements can help reduce your risk of developing melanoma.